温带阔叶林、针叶林和针阔混交林土壤呼吸的比较研究

对韩国广陵树木园的阔叶林、针叶林和针阔混交林的土壤呼吸排放量进行观测、分析和比较 ,研究土壤呼吸与环境因子之间的相互关系 ,从中探究各森林植被类型之间产生土壤呼吸差别的原因。利用Q10 模型计算出阔叶林、针叶林和针阔混交林的土壤呼吸Q10 值为 3 6、3 8和 3 2 ,再根据对当地各观测站土壤温度的连续观测数据 ,计算出阔叶林、针叶林和针阔混交林的土壤呼吸日均排放量 ,依次分别为CO2 15 12、15 10和 13 99gm-2 。     

植物提取物辐照杀菌工艺研究

检测了几种植物提取物中污染微生物的种类和数量 ,研究了当归提取物中污染微生物的D10 值 ,得出植物提取物辐照杀菌工艺的最低有效剂量为 4 0kGy,最高耐受剂量为 8 0kGy。     

稳定转化家蚕BmN细胞表达人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子

为了建立稳定转化家蚕细胞持续表达外源基因的技术体系,构建了基于piggyBac转座子的带有人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子基因(hGM-CSF)和新霉素抗性基因(neo)表达元件的转基因载体pigA3GFP-IE-neo-FH-hGM-CSF-polyA-fib-L-intron1,以及带有hGM-CSF和吉欧霉素(zeocin)抗性基因的昆虫细胞转化载体pIZT-IE-hGM-CSF,分别转染家蚕卵巢BmN细胞,并以含相应抗生素G418或zeocin的培养液筛选,得到稳定的转化细胞系FH-hGM-CSF和IE-hGM-CSF。ELISA检测结果显示,hGM-CSF在FH-hGM-CSF和IE-hGM-CSF转化细胞系的表达水平分别为1.534 55 fg/个细胞和2.227 38 fg/个细胞。     

融合蛋白Rv3872/CFP-10/ESAT-6的制备及在牛结核诊断中的初步应用

本研究通过融合表达Rv3872、CFP-10和ESAT-6蛋白,以改良牛结核病特异性鉴别诊断抗原CFP-10-ESAT-6,提高牛结核抗体鉴别诊断法的灵敏度。利用PCR方法,克隆牛分枝杆菌RD1区上述三个基因,通过酶切连接方法,将三个基因串联在pET-28a载体上,基因之间用Linker序列连接。融合基因在大肠杆菌内经IPTG0.4mmol/L诱导3h,目的蛋白经SDS-PAGE证实表达在上清中,Western-blot分析证实表达蛋白具有免疫原性。以所表达的融合蛋白作为包被抗原建立间接ELISA,检测了44份牛分枝杆菌感染背景清楚的临床奶牛血清。26份阳性血清中,Rv3872-CFP-10-ESAT-6融合蛋白ELISA检出阳性样本18份,检测灵敏度为69%,而CFP-10-ESAT-6融合蛋白ELISA只检出阳性样本4份。18份阴性血清中,两种ELISA均检出17份阴性血清,特异性都为94%（17/18）。因此,Rv3872-CFP-10-ESAT-6融合蛋白在对牛结核抗体检测特异性没有降低的情况下,敏感性获得了显著提高,这对牛结核病的早期鉴别诊断方法的建立具有重要意义。     

布鲁菌外膜蛋白OMP10表达及其抗原性的研究

设计1对特异性引物对羊布鲁菌16M总DNA进行外膜蛋白omp10的PCR扩增,得到了一个大小为330 bp的目的基因片段(去掉17个氨基酸编码的信号肽),测序证实它与国外报道的羊布鲁菌omp10基因完全一致.将其克隆到表达载体PET-30a中,经酶切、PCR扩增和测序分析,表明重组表达载体构建成功.将此重组质粒转化入大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)中,IPTG诱导表达,该基因以包涵体的形式在大肠埃希菌中表达,经过包涵体的变性、复性和亲和层析纯化,成功获得大小为14.2 ku的融合蛋白,与理论推测的蛋白分子质量一致;Western blot和间接ELISA试验证明,纯化之后的OMP10重组蛋白可以被布鲁菌阳性血清识别.     

Effect of dietary supplementation of fish oil for lactating sows and weaned piglets on piglet Th polarization

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of dietary fish oil supplementation on piglet T helper cells (Th) polarization in relation to its impact on piglet serum interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) concentrations and splenic expression of Th1/Th2 characteristic genes. The diets of 18 gestating sows were supplemented with 7% lard (C) (n = 10) or 7% fish oil (T) (n = 8) from 10 d before parturition to weaning. At weaning, a split plot experiment was designed, 56 piglets, 28 each from sows fed with fish oil diet or lard diet, were divided into four groups of 7 replicates (one female and one castrated male per replicate) based on both sow diet during lactation and post-weaning piglet diet (C had 7% lard and T had 7% fish oil): CC, CT, TC, TT, and were fed the 7% fish oil or lard diet from day 35 to day 70. Serum concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-10, and Th1/Th2 related genes expression levels in spleen were measured and analyzed. The results showed that piglets fed with fish oil diet during post-weaning tended to have higher serum IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio (P = 0.09) than lard diet fed piglets. Lactation fish oil feeding increased splenic IL-12b, IL-12 receptor β2 (IL-12Rβ2), IL-2 and IFN-γ genes expression (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) and post-weaning fish oil feeding increased splenic IL-12b (P = 0.06), IL-2 (P < 0.01) and IFN-γ (P = 0.08) mRNA expression than that in lard diet fed piglets at the end of this experiment. On the other hand, IL-4 gene expression (P = 0.01) in spleen was lower in weaned piglet from fish oil diet fed sows than that from lard diet fed sows. However, post-weaning piglets fed fish oil diet had higher splenic IL-4 (P = 0.06), IL-6 (P < 0.01) and IL-10 (P = 0.05) mRNA abundances than that fed with lard diet. These results indicated that dietary fish oil during lactation could increase Th1 polarization and accelerate immune maturation; while 7% fish oil in weaned piglets' diet was likely to increase Th2 cytokines expression.     

川西南常绿阔叶林土壤呼吸及其对氮沉降的响应

通过原位进行低氮(LN,50 kg N/hm2.a)、中氮(MN,100 kg N/hm2.a)和高氮(HN,150 kg N/hm2.a)处理,研究了川西南天然常绿阔叶林土壤呼吸及其对模拟N沉降的响应。结果表明:(1)该森林土壤呼吸速率最大值612.21±77.82 mg CO2/m2.h出现在7月份,最小值108.95±17.01 mg CO2/m2.h出现在2月,年均土壤呼吸速率为348.00±157.83 mg CO2/m2.h,年均土壤呼吸通量为8.31±3.77 t C/hm2.a。采用双因素关系模型(Rs=aebTWc),土壤温度和土壤湿度共同解释了该常绿阔叶林2005年10月~2006年7月土壤呼吸速率季节变化的68.6%~73.9%,其拟合结果优于以土壤湿度或温度为参数的单因素关系模型。影响土壤呼吸速率的主导因子是温度,其地表温度变化响应的敏感程度Q10值为2.12,以土壤5 cm深处的温度为参数时,Q10值为2.51。(2)N沉降处理3个月后,该森林中HN和MN处理的土壤呼吸速率(309.43±17.24 mg CO2/m2.h,303.82±11.50 mgCO2/m2.h)均显著高于CK(269.28±13.78 mg CO2/m2.h)(P<0.05);处理4个月后,HN的土壤呼吸速率(272.42±13.25 mg CO2/m2.h)均显著高于MN(239.65±10.33 mg CO2/m2.h)、LN(229.10±9.90 mg CO2/m2.h)和CK(234.51±12.77 mg CO2/m2.h)(P<0.05);但处理7~10个月时,各处理之间无显著差异。研究表明,N沉降初期明显促进了常绿阔叶林土壤呼吸,后期无明显影响。     

The study on method to draw large-scale soil map in diluvial soil area in Hokkaido, using digital elevation data for a 10 m grid

(pp. 59–66)
In order to understand the detailed soil distribution of a terrace with a diluvial deposit, the method to draw a large-scale soil map was studied in Urausu Town of Sorachi district by combinig soil survey and digital elevation data for a 10 m grid.
The results are summarized as follows:

• 1) 

  From a soil survey, soils in the research area were classified into 3 soil series groups according to Classification of Cultivated Soils in Japan, Third Approximation, which were Skeletal Terrace Brown Forest Soils, Fine-textured Aquic Brown Forest Soils and Fine-textured Haplic Gray Upland Soils. In addition, Fine-textured Haplic Gray Upland Soils · were classified into 2 categories based on the abundance of gravel in the subsoil.

       

厦门市2001-2002年PM10浓度时间序列变化分析

在厦门市环境大气污染物中，PM10是其首要的大气污染物。厦门市大气中的日PM10浓度受天气和气候以及土地利用类型、地表植被覆盖度等诸多因素的共同影响而呈现出一定的周期性，应用时间序列方法对厦门市2001～2002年的PM10浓度进行周期性和趋势性的分析，揭示了厦门市大气环境中PM10浓随时间变化的周期性规律。同时讨论了部分气候因素对PM10浓度年内变化的影响。     

Rhizospheric and heterotrophic respiration of a warm-temperate oak chronosequence in China

Plot trenching and root decomposition experiments were conducted in a warm-temperate oak chronosequence (40-year-old, 48-year-old, 80-year-old, and 143-year-old) in China. We partitioned total soil surface CO₂ efflux (R_S) into heterotrophic (R_H) and rhizospheric (R_R) components across the growing season of 2009. We found that the temporal variation of R_R and R_H can be well explained by soil temperature (T₅) at 5 cm depth using exponential equations for all forests. However, R_R of 40-year-old and 48-year-old forests peaked in September, while their T₅ peaks occurred in August. R_R of 80-year-old and 143-year-old forests showed a similar pattern to T₅. The contribution of R_R to R_S (RC) of 40-year-old and 48-year-old forests presented a second peak in September. Seasonal variation of R_R may be accounted for by the different successional stages. Cumulative R_H and R_R during the growing season varied with forest age. The estimated R_H values for 40-year-old, 48-year-old, 80-year-old and 143-year-old forests averaged 431.72, 452.02, 484.62 and 678.93 g C m⁻², respectively, while the corresponding values of R_R averaged 191.94, 206.51, 321.13 and 153.03 g C m⁻². The estimated RC increased from 30.78% in the 40-year-old forest to 39.85% in the 80-year-old forest and then declined to 18.39% in the 143-year-old forest. We found soil organic carbon (SOC), especially the light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), stock at 0-10 cm soil depth correlated well with R_H. There was no significant relationship between R_R and fine root biomass regardless of stand age. Measured apparent temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀) of R_H (3.93 ± 0.27) was significantly higher than that of R_R (2.78 ± 0.73). Capillary porosity decreased as stand age increased and it was negatively correlated to cumulative R_S. Our results emphasize the importance of partitioning soil respiration in evaluating the stand age effect on soil respiration and its significance to future model construction.